According to the manner of articulation (how the breath is used) the consonants are: stops, also known as plosives, fricatives, affricates, nasals, laterals, andapproximants. Nasals, laterals and approximants are always voiced; stops, fricatives and affricates can be voiced or unvoiced.
| Stops /Plosives/ | During production of these sounds, the airflow from the lungs is completely blocked at some point, then released. In English, they are /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, and /g/. |
| Fricatives | The flow of air is constricted, but not totally stopped or blocked. In English, these include /f/, /v/, / /, / /,/s/, /z/, /  /, / /, and /h/. |
| Affricates | These sounds begin like stops, with a complete blockage of air/closure of the vocal tract, and end with a restricted flow of air like fricatives. English has two affricates - the / / sounds of "church" and the / / of "judge". |
| Nasals | Nasals are sounds made with air passing through the nose. In English, these are /m/, /n/, and / /. |
| Laterals | Lateral consonants allow the air to escape at the sides of the tongue. In English there is only one such sound - /l/ |
| Approximants | In the production of an approximant, one articulator is close to another, but the vocal tract is not narrowed to such an extent that a turbulent airstream is produced. In English, these are /j/, /w/ and /r/. Approximants /j/ and /w/ are also referred to as semi-vowels. |
According to the place of articulation (where in the mouth or throat the sound is produced) the consonants are:
| Bilabial: with both lips | /p/, /b/, /m/ |
| Labiodental: between lower lip and upper teeth | /f/, /v/ |
| Dental/Interdental: between the teeth | //, // |
| Alveolar: the ridge behind the upper front teeth | /t/, /d/, /s/, /z/, /n/, /l/, /r/ |
| Alveo-palatal (or post-alveolar): it is the area between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate | //, //, //, // |
| Palatal: hard palate, or 'roof' of the mouth' | /j/ |
| Velar: the soft palate or velum | /k/, /g/, // |
| Glottal (laryngeal): space between the vocal cords | /h/ |
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